Cells, Free Full-Text

Silk has a long history as an exclusive textile, but also as a suture thread in medicine; nowadays, diverse cell carriers are manufactured from silk. Its advantages are manifold, including high biocompatibility, biomechanical strength and processability (approved for nearly all manufacturing techniques). Silk’s limitations, such as scarcity and batch to batch variations, are overcome by gene technology, which allows for the upscaled production of recombinant “designed” silk proteins. For processing thin fibroin filaments, the sericin component is generally removed (degumming). In contrast to many synthetic biomaterials, fibroin allows for superior cell adherence and growth. In addition, silk grafts demonstrate superior mechanical performance and long-term stability, making them attractive for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tissue engineering. Looking at these promising properties, this review focusses on the responses of cell types to silk variants, as well as their biomechanical properties, which are relevant for ACL tissue engineering. Meanwhile, sericin has also attracted increasing interest and has been proposed as a bioactive biomaterial with antimicrobial properties. But so far, fibroin was exclusively used for experimental ACL tissue engineering approaches, and fibroin from spider silk also seems not to have been applied. To improve the bone integration of ACL grafts, silk scaffolds with osteogenic functionalization, silk-based tunnel fillers and interference screws have been developed. Nevertheless, signaling pathways stimulated by silk components remain barely elucidated, but need to be considered during the development of optimized silk cell carriers for ACL tissue engineering.

Cell-free Macromolecular Synthesis

Cell-Free Protein Expression

Cells, Free Full-Text

Scheme of cell free cloning using DMF. ( A ) The full length construct

Oreilly Essential System Administration 3Rd Edition Aug 2002 Rar - Colaboratory

Cells, Free Full-Text

Cell-Free Translation Systems

Cancers, Free Full-Text

Advances and applications of cell-free systems for metabolic production - ScienceDirect

Cell-Free DNA and Apoptosis: How Dead Cells Inform About the Living - ScienceDirect

Cell-free expression and synthesis of viruses and bacteriophages: applications to medicine and nanotechnology - ScienceDirect

Cells, Free Full-Text

Improving cell-free glycoprotein synthesis by characterizing and enriching native membrane vesicles