According to Stockfish, chess would be more equal without castling. (+0.4 w/castling enabled, +0.1 w/o castling) : r/chess

Frontiers Learning to Play the Chess Variant Crazyhouse Above World Champion Level With Deep Neural Networks and Human Data

Is castling in chess possible when the king is in check and there are no moves left without castling? - Quora

stockfish - How many moves out do the static board evaluations use? - Chess Stack Exchange

analysis - Has anyone done a correlation of castling with winning and losing? - Chess Stack Exchange

First-move advantage in chess - Wikipedia

Stockfish 14 vs Chess.com [Maximum (3200) Level 25]

stockfish - How many moves out do the static board evaluations use? - Chess Stack Exchange

Torch Brilliantly Sacrificed his ROOK AND BISHOP Against Stockfish 16 😱, Chess Strategy

Hi. Noob here. I want to castle but stockfish suggest otherwise. Why? : r /chessbeginners

Castling, Smallfish Chess Wiki